Stroke

Causes:

• Ischemic Stroke: Blood clots or narrowing of arteries block blood flow to the brain.
• Hemorrhagic Stroke: High blood pressure, trauma, or aneurysms cause bleeding in the brain.
• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Temporary blockage leading to “mini-stroke” symptoms.
• Other Factors: Atrial fibrillation, smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol increase risk.

Diagnosis:

• Imaging Studies: CT or MRI scans differentiate between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
• Blood Tests: Identify clotting issues, blood sugar levels, or infections.
• Vascular Studies: Doppler ultrasound or angiography assesses blood flow in brain arteries.
• Neurological Evaluation: Assessment of motor, sensory, and cognitive functions.

Treatment:

• Acute Care: Thrombolytic drugs like tPA dissolve clots if given within the golden window (3-4.5 hours).
• Surgical Procedures: Clot removal (thrombectomy) or repair of bleeding vessels in hemorrhagic stroke.
• Rehabilitation: Physical, occupational, and speech therapy for recovery.
• Preventative Care: Blood-thinning medications, blood pressure management, and lifestyle changes to reduce recurrence risk.