Seizures

Causes:

• Epilepsy: A chronic condition marked by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
• Infections or Inflammation: Meningitis, encephalitis, or autoimmune conditions can trigger seizures.
• Brain Damage: Trauma, stroke, or tumors disrupting normal brain function.
• Genetic and Metabolic Factors: Inherited syndromes, electrolyte imbalances, or low blood sugar.

Diagnosis:

• Electroencephalogram (EEG): Detects abnormal brain wave patterns.
• Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans identify structural issues like tumors, bleeding, or lesions.
• Blood Tests: Check for infections, metabolic imbalances, or toxic substances.
• Seizure History: Details about frequency, duration, and triggers provide valuable diagnostic clues.

Treatment:

• Medications: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) tailored to seizure type and severity.
• Lifestyle Management: Stress reduction, adequate sleep, and avoiding known triggers.
• Advanced Therapies: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or ketogenic diet for refractory cases.
• Surgical Interventions: Removal of seizure-causing lesions or focal resection for drug-resistant epilepsy.