Parkinson’s Disease

Causes:

• Neurodegeneration: Loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra part of the brain.
• Genetic and Environmental Factors: Family history, exposure to toxins, or head trauma may increase risk.

Diagnosis:

• Clinical Evaluation: Identification of motor symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement).
• DaTscan Imaging: Helps visualize dopamine transporter levels in the brain.
• Rule Out Other Causes: Tests to exclude conditions like essential tremor or multiple system atrophy.

Treatment:

• Medications: Levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors to manage motor symptoms.
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): Implanted electrodes to regulate abnormal brain activity.
• Supportive Therapies: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy to manage non-motor symptoms like gait issues or speech problems.
• Lifestyle Support: Regular exercise, balanced diet, and emotional support to maintain quality of life.