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Headaches

Causes:

  • Primary Headaches: Migraines, tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches are caused by overactivity of pain-sensitive structures.
  • Secondary Headaches: Result from underlying conditions such as infections, head injuries, or vascular disorders.
  • Triggers: Stress, hormonal fluctuations, dietary factors, and sleep irregularities often exacerbate headaches.

Diagnosis:

  • Clinical History: A headache diary helps identify patterns and triggers.
  • Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans rule out serious causes like tumors or aneurysms.
  • Neurological Examination: Focuses on motor, sensory, and reflex responses to identify associated abnormalities.

Treatment:

  • Symptomatic Relief: Painkillers like NSAIDs, triptans, or ergotamines.
  • Preventative Measures: Beta-blockers, anticonvulsants, or antidepressants for chronic headache sufferers.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Stress management, hydration, regular sleep patterns, and avoiding triggers.
  • Complementary Therapies: Acupuncture, yoga, and biofeedback techniques can help reduce headache frequency and severity.

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